PHYSICAL EDUCATION - GENERAL LINES AND SKILLS

PHYSICAL EDUCATION - GENERAL LINES AND SKILLS

At the end of the high school course, the student has acquired an awareness of his or her own corporeity understood as knowledge, mastery and respect for his or her body; has consolidated the social values of sports and acquired good motor skills; has developed a positive attitude toward a healthy and active lifestyle; and has grasped the implications and benefits of practicing various physical activities carried out in different environments.
The student achieves mastery of his or her body by experiencing a wide range of motor and sports activities: this promotes balanced physical and neuromotor development. The stimulation of the student's motor skills, both coordination and strength, endurance, speed and flexibility, is both a specific goal and a prerequisite for the achievement of higher levels of motor skills and performance.
The student knows how to act responsibly, reasoning about what he or she is putting into action, recognizing the causes of his or her own errors and developing appropriate correction procedures. He/she is able to analyze his/her own and others' performance, identifying positive and negative aspects of it.
The student will be aware that the body communicates through specific language and can master and interpret the messages, voluntary and involuntary, that it conveys. Such awareness fosters the free expression of moods and emotions through nonverbal language.
Knowledge and practice of various sports activities, both individual and team, enable the student to discover and enhance personal aptitudes, abilities and preferences by first acquiring and mastering motor skills and then specific sports techniques, to be used in an appropriate and controlled form. Sports activity, experienced in the different roles of player, referee, judge or organizer, enhances the personality of the student by generating specific interests and motivations, useful for discovering and orienting the personal aptitudes that each person will be able to develop. Sports activity is carried out in harmony with the educational instance, always a priority, so as to promote in all students the habit and appreciation of its practice. It may be preparatory to any activity planned within the School Sports Centers.
The student, working both in groups and individually, learns to compare and cooperate with peers by following shared rules to achieve a common goal.
Knowledge and awareness of the benefits induced by regularly practiced physical activity cause the student to develop a positive attitude toward an active lifestyle. Experiences of success and achievement in different types of activities foster greater self-confidence in the student. An adequate knowledge base of methods, work techniques, and lived experience makes the student aware of and able to independently organize his or her own physical development/maintenance plan and keep his or her posture under control. The student matures the need to achieve and maintain an adequate level of psychophysical fitness in order to cope appropriately with daily demands with respect to study and work, sports and leisure.
The acquisition of a conscious and correct relationship with different types of environment cannot be separated from learning and effectively respecting the basic principles of prevention of risky situations (anticipation of danger) or prompt reaction to the unexpected, whether at home, at school or outdoors.
Students will also benefit from multiple opportunities to familiarize themselves with and experiment with the use of technologies and tools, including innovative ones, applicable to their activities and other disciplines.

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

FIRST TWO YEARS
After verifying the level of learning achieved during the first cycle of education, an educational path will be structured to fill any gaps in basic training, but also aimed at enhancing the potential of each student.
Self-perception and the completion of the functional development of motor and expressive skills.
The student will have to know his or her own body and its functionality, expand coordinative and conditional skills by realizing complex motor patterns useful in facing sports activities, understand and consciously produce nonverbal messages by critically reading and decoding his or her own body messages and those of others.
Sports, rules and fair play
The practice of individual and team sports, even when it will take on a competitive nature, should be carried out by giving priority to the educational component, so as to promote in all students the habit of motor and sports activity.
It is essential to experience in sports the different roles and related responsibilities, both in refereeing and in jury duties.
The student will practice team sports applying effective strategies for solving problematic situations; will engage in individual sports getting used to confrontation and taking personal responsibility; will collaborate with teammates within the group bringing out their potential.
Health, wellness, safety and prevention
The student will know the basic principles of prevention for personal safety in the gym, at home and in open spaces, including on the road; he/she will adopt the hygienic and scientific principles essential for maintaining one's state of health and improving physical efficiency, as well as the health and dietary regulations essential for maintaining one's well-being. He/she will know the beneficial effects of physical preparation courses and the harmful effects of pharmacological products aimed solely at immediate results.
Relationship to the natural and technological environment
The motor and sports practices carried out in the natural environment will be a fundamental opportunity for orientation in diverse contexts and for the recovery of a correct relationship with the environment; they will also foster the synthesis of knowledge derived from different school disciplines.

SECOND TWO-YEAR PERIOD
In the second two-year period, the action of consolidating and developing students' knowledge and skills will continue in order to improve their motor and sports training.
At this age, students, also favored by the complete maturation of frontal cognitive areas, will acquire an increasing ability to work critically and creatively, with the awareness of being actors in every lived bodily experience.
Self-perception and the completion of the functional development of motor and expressive skills
Increased self-mastery and the broadening of coordinative, conditional and expressive skills will enable students to perform complex movements and to know and apply some training methods such that they will be able to deal with high-level motor and sports activities, supported also by cultural and technical-tactical insights.
The student will know how to evaluate his or her own abilities and performance by comparing them with appropriate reference tables and perform activities of different durations and intensities, distinguishing the physiological changes induced by motor and sports practice. He/she will experiment with various expressive-communicative techniques in individual and group work, which can elicit self-reflection and analysis of the lived experience.
Sports, rules and fair play
The increased level of performance will enable students to become more involved in sports, as well as participate in and organize school competitions in various sports or expressive activities.
The student will cooperate in teams, using and enhancing with the teacher's guidance individual propensities and aptitude for defined roles; will be able to observe and interpret phenomena related to the world of sports and physical activity; will practice sports by deepening their theory, technique and tactics.
Health, wellness, safety and prevention
Each student will know how to become aware of his or her own body in order to pursue his or her individual well-being on a daily basis. He/she will know how to adopt appropriate behaviors to prevent injuries in the different activities, respecting his/her own and others' safety; he/she will therefore have to know the information related to first aid intervention.
Relationship with the natural and technological environment
The relationship with nature will be developed through activities that will allow motor and organizational experiences of greater difficulty, stimulating the pleasure of living diversified experiences, both individually and in the group.
Students will know how to deal with motor and sports activities using tools, materials and possible technological and/or computer tools.

FIFTH YEAR.
The student's personality will be able to be fully enhanced through the further diversification of activities, useful for discovering and orienting personal aptitudes with a view to the full development of each individual's potential. In this way, the motor sciences will be able to make the student acquire multiple skills, transferable to any other life context. This will lead to the acquisition of correct behavioral styles rooted in the motor activities developed over the five-year period in synergy with education in health, affectivity, the environment and legality.
Self-perception and the completion of functional development of motor and expressive skills.
The student will be able to develop complex motor activity appropriate for complete personal maturation.
He/she will have full knowledge and awareness of the positive effects generated by specific physical training courses. He/she will be able to observe and interpret the phenomena related to the world of motor and sports activities proposed in the current sociocultural context, in a lifelong perspective.
Sports, rules and fair play
The student will know and apply the technical-tactical strategies of sports games; he/she will know how to face competitive confrontation with correct ethics, with respect for the rules and true fair play. He/she will know how to play leadership roles in sports, as well as how to organize and manage sports events during school time and after school.
Health, wellness, safety and prevention
The student will assume active lifestyles and behaviors towards his or her own health understood as a dynamic factor, giving proper value to physical and sporting activity, including through knowledge of the general principles of proper nutrition and how it is used in the context of physical activity and in various sports.
Relationship to the natural and technological environment
The student will know how to enact responsible behavior toward the common environmental heritage, protecting it and engaging in recreational and sports activities in various areas, including the use of technological and multimedia instrumentation for this purpose.