PARITARY PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOL
DECREE N.338 MITF005006
DECREE N.1139 MITNUQ500H
DECREE N.2684 MIPMRI500E
IT

PHILOSOPHY - GENERAL OUTLINES AND SKILLS

PHILOSOPHY - GENERAL OUTLINES AND SKILLS

At the end of the high school course, the student is aware of the significance of philosophical reflection as a specific and fundamental mode of human reasoning which, in different epochs and in different cultural traditions, constantly re-proposes the question of knowledge, man's existence and the meaning of being and existence; he/she will also have acquired as organic a knowledge as possible of the nodal points of the historical development of Western thought, grasping of each author or theme treated both the link with the historical-cultural context and the potentially universalistic scope that each philosophy possesses.
Through knowledge of the authors and fundamental philosophical problems, the student has developed personal reflection, critical judgment, an aptitude for in-depth study and rational discussion, and the ability to argue a thesis, including in written form, recognizing the diversity of methods by which reason comes to know the real.
The study of the different authors and the direct reading of their texts will have enabled him to orient himself on the following fundamental problems: ontology, ethics and the question of happiness, the relationship of philosophy to religious traditions, the problem of knowledge, logical problems, the relationship between philosophy and other forms of knowledge, especially science , the meaning of beauty, freedom and power in political thought, the latter node which is connected to the development of skills related to Citizenship and Constitution.
The student is able to use the vocabulary and categories specific to the discipline, to contextualize philosophical issues and different fields of knowledge, to understand the conceptual and philosophical roots of the main currents and problems of contemporary culture, and to identify the links between philosophy and other disciplines.
The path outlined here may also be declined and expanded by the teacher according to the particular characteristics of different high school paths, which may require the focus on particular themes or authors.


SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES


SECOND TWO-YEAR PERIOD
In the course of the two-year course, the student will become familiar with the specificity of philosophical knowledge, learning its fundamental vocabulary, learning to understand and expound organically the ideas and systems of thought under study. The authors examined and the didactic paths taken should be representative of the most significant stages of philosophical research from the origins to Hegel so as to constitute a path as unified as possible, around the themes indicated above. To this end, each author will be placed in a systematic framework and their texts will be read directly, even if only in part, so as to understand their problems from time to time and critically evaluate their solutions.
Within the framework of ancient philosophy indispensable will be the treatment of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Knowledge of the survey of the pre-Socratic philosophers and sophistry will benefit the better understanding of these authors. Examination of developments in thought in the Hellenistic-Roman period and Neoplatonism will introduce the theme of the encounter between Greek philosophy and biblical religions.
Among the representative authors of late antiquity and the Middle Ages, Augustine of Hippo, framed in the context of patristic reflection, and Thomas Aquinas, to whose greater understanding it will be useful to know the development of Scholastic philosophy from its origins up to the turning point imparted by the "rediscovery" of Aristotle and its crisis in the 14th century, will necessarily be proposed.
Regarding modern philosophy, inescapable themes and authors will be: the scientific revolution and Galilei; the problem of method and knowledge, with reference at least to Descartes, Hume's empiricism and, in particular, Kant; modern political thought, with reference to at least one author among Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau; and German idealism with special reference to Hegel. To develop these topics, it will be appropriate to properly frame the cultural horizons opened up by movements such as Humanism-Renaissance, Enlightenment and Romanticism, examining the contribution of other authors (such as Bacon, Pascal, Vico, Diderot, with particular attention towards major exponents of the metaphysical tradition, ethics and modern logic such as Spinoza and Leibniz) and broadening the reflection to other topics (e.g., developments in logic and scientific reflection, new philosophical statuses in psychology, biology, physics, and philosophy of history).

FIFTH YEAR.
The final year is devoted primarily to contemporary philosophy, from post-Hegelian philosophies to the present day. Within the framework of nineteenth-century thought, the study of Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Marx, framed in the context of reactions to Hegelism, and Nietzsche will be indispensable. The cultural framework of the period will have to be completed with an examination of Positivism and the various reactions and discussions it provokes, as well as the most significant developments in the sciences and theories of knowledge.
The course will then continue with at least four authors or problems of twentieth-century philosophy, indicative of different conceptual fields chosen from the following: (a) Husserl and phenomenology; (b) Freud and psychoanalysis; (c) Heidegger and existentialism; (d) Italian neo-idealism (e) Wittgenstein and analytic philosophy; (f) vitalism and pragmatism; (g) Christian-inspired philosophy and the new theology; (h) interpretations and developments in Marxism, particularly Italian Marxism; (i) themes and problems of political philosophy; (l) developments in epistemological reflection; (i) philosophy of language; (l) philosophical hermeneutics.

 


S. Freud Paritary Institute - Private School Milan - Paritary School: IT Technical Institute, Tourism Technical Institute, High School of Human Sciences and High School
Via Accademia, 26/29 Milano – Viale Fulvio Testi, 7 Milano – Tel. 02.29409829 Virtuale fax 02.73960148 – www.istitutofreud.it
Milan High School - Private IT School Milan
Milan Private Tourism School - Human Sciences High School, Social and Economic Address Milan
Liceo Scientifico Milano
Contact us for more information: [email protected]

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